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What is Mortgage?

A mortgage is the transfer of an interest in the property to a lender as a security for a debt like a loan of money. Although a mortgage in itself is not a debt, it is the lender’s security for a debt. It is a transfer of an interest in land (or the equivalent) from the owner to the mortgage lender, on the condition that this interest will be returned to the owner when the terms of the mortgage have been satisfied or performed. In other words, the mortgage is a security for the loan that the lender makes to the borrower.

A mortgage lender is an investor that lends money secured by a mortgage on real estate. In today’s world, most lenders sell the loans they write on the secondary mortgage market. When they sell the mortgage, they earn revenue called Service Release Premium. Typically, the purpose of the loan is for the borrower to purchase that same real estate. The borrower, known as the mortgagor, gives the mortgage to the lender, known as the mortgagee. As the mortgagee, the lender has the right to sell the property to pay off the loan if the borrower fails to pay.

A mortgage lender is an investor that lends money secured by a mortgage on real estate. In today’s world, most lenders sell the loans they write on the secondary mortgage market. When they sell the mortgage, they earn revenue called Service Release Premium. Typically, the purpose of the loan is for the borrower to purchase that same real estate. The borrower, known as the mortgagor, gives the mortgage to the lender, known as the mortgagee. As the mortgagee, the lender has the right to sell the property to pay off the loan if the borrower fails to pay.

What is a Foreclosure?

Foreclosure is the legal and professional proceeding in which a mortgagee, or other lien holder, generally a lender, obtains a court ordered termination of a mortgagor’s equitable right of redemption. generally a lender obtains a security interest from a borrower that mortgages or pledges an asset like a house to secure the loan. If the borrower defaults and the lender tries to repossess the property, courts of equity can grant the borrower the equitable right of redemption if the borrower repays the debt. Although this equitable right exists, the lender cannot be sure that it can successfully repossess the property, thus the lender seeks to foreclose the equitable right of redemption. Other lien holders can also foreclose the owner’s right of redemption for other debts, such as for overdue taxes, unpaid contractors’ bills or overdue homeowners’ association dues or assessments.

Different Types of Foreclosure:

The mortgage holder can generally initiate foreclosure at a time specified in the mortgage documents, typically some period of time after a default condition occurs. Within the United States, Canada and many other countries, several types of foreclosure exist. Two of them, namely by legal sale and by power of sale, are widely used, but other modes of foreclosure are also possible in a few states.

(A) Foreclosure by legal sale, more commonly known as legal Foreclosure, is available in every state and required in many, involves the sale of the mortgaged property under the supervision of a court, with the proceeds going first to satisfy the mortgage; then other lien holders; and, finally, the mortgagor/borrower if any proceeds are left. As with all other legal actions, all parties must be notified of the foreclosure, but notification requirements vary significantly from state to state. A judicial decision is announced after pleadings at a (generally short) hearing in a state or local court. In some fairly rare instances, foreclosures are filed in Federal courts.

(B) Foreclosure by power of sale, which is also allowed by many states if a power of sale clause is included in the mortgage or if a Deed of trust was used instead of a mortgage. In some states so-called mortgages are actually deeds of trust. This process involves the sale of the property by the mortgage holder without court supervision. It is generally more expedient than foreclosure by legal sale. As in legal sale, the mortgage holder and other lien holders are respectively first and second claimants to the proceeds from the sale.

Other types of foreclosure are considered minor because of their limited availability. Under strict foreclosure, which is available in a few states in the US, suit is brought by the mortgagee and if successful, a court orders the defaulted mortgagor to pay the mortgage within a specified period of time. Should the mortgagor fail to do so, the mortgage holder gains the title to the property with no obligation to sell it. This type of foreclosure is generally available only when the value of the property is less than the debt (“under water”). Historically, strict foreclosure was the original method of foreclosure.

What is Serious Delinquency ?

When a single-family mortgage is 90 days past due and the bank considers the mortgage in danger of default. Once a mortgage is in default, a lender typically initiates foreclosure proceedings.
Foreclosure is time-consuming and expensive for a lender, and in certain situations the lender might offer options other than foreclosure to save themselves time and money. Some of these options include forbearance, deed in lieu of foreclosure, loan modification, or a short refinance.

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